Minimalism ( Candice)
- Expose the essence of subject while generating visual and psychological impact.
- Emphasizing on simplification of forms and shapes
- Prominent figures : Beckett and Grotowski
- Does away decor and music (richness of the play). Truth through acting.
- Less is more. Elements demands more creativity.
- Cause of war. Pure notion of self. Essence of life. Inner most truth
Theatre
- Less details, props, elements brings about more imagination, creativity and essentials.
- Emphasis on language, gestures and body.
- Tension between Silence and words.
- Tension between mobility and immobility. Creates a kind of dynamic.
- Tension between century space. Adding weight into the physical space.
Poor theatre (Polish)
- Takes away unnecessary
- Spectacle makeup, decorations.
- Rhythms and other elements
- Less about acting, more about being.
How did it began?
- Expressionism (unclear through expressions)
- Content more explicit through moods.
Naturalism (Ezanne)
- Started 1879
- Virtual reality
- Naked, pure, undiluted- movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality while realism is the opposite.
- Strictly no miming. Realism encourages miming.
- Grounded by Darwin's Notions of Evolution.
Theatre Libre (1887) by andre antoine
- free theatre
- Exempt from censorship
- Plays Banned in Europe
Emile Zola
- French writer, important contibution to naturalism in theatre.
- No dream-scape, mythological stuff.
- Effect of Materialist causes
- Based alot on Darwinian notions of evolution
- Human beings as a product of biological evolution.
- Governed by social environment (cause). Our behaviour is the effect of social causes.
- Focus on depicting lower class.
Leo Tolstoy
- Russian playwright
- Considered life related to christian agenda
- Vivid moral lessons
- Sin and redemption, involving adultery and infanticide, lower classes.
- 'Power of Darkness' - reveals 'human animal' in sheer brutality.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUUjmQI-CQ8
Buddhism, Modern Age (Si Chuan)
- Influenced art, dance, music and theatre.
- Elements of symbolism and expressionism. Symbolism, gestures for expressions.
- Inner peace, Relaxation.
Burmese Marionette theatre (Yokhte Pwe) - Puppetry
Burmese dance-drama (Zat Pwe) - more dramatic and realistic direction.
Feminism (Annie)
- Gender equality
- Removal of pre-set gender roles. Away with woman being stereotyped as housewife, etc.
Responding through theatre
- Non-linear
- Makes use of ensemble
- Singapore only take certain strands of western feminism
How feminism manifests itself in Singapore
- Disrupting, Dismantling and returning the gaze. Affirmative actions. Gaze is silent.
Disrupting - Breaking the tension between the gaze of men to women
Dismantling - Overdoing the stereotypes of woman
Returning - giving them back the gaze
Affirmative actions - uniqueness of women instead of how they are perceived.
'Ovidia Yu'
Chin Woon Ping '4 Daruma'
- Strong symbolic elements
- Satire and humour
Eleanor Wong
- Address the cultural inability to accept homosexual relationships.
Feminism (Hailwa)
- 2nd wave of feminism, Political movement in 1960s.
- Urging woman to recognise their universal oppression.
- Gender, race, class and sexuality. Lesbianism included
- Initially focused only on Middle class white woman and then came the black women theatre.
- Feminist theatre of the 1970s dominated by white middle class woman.
- Created their own perf groups, space or networks. But not successful.
Magdalena Project - Wales (1986)
- International network of women in contemporary theatre.
- forum for discussion and a source of support and performance training.
- 1989, Put up 1st all black perf. Tried to move to multi racial group.
Theatre of the Black women
- Shut down in 1988. Founders Bernadine and Rendell.
- Aim to give artistic expression to the experience of the black women in past and present.
- Focus on black women
- Fight against oppression and define feminism in their own terms by reliving history and own struggles.
- Involve very few men and females in their production.
A process towards Liberalism (Sharon)
- Constantly in search of inner truth, more dialectic.
- Liberalism is a philosophy on ideas of liberation and equality. Eg. French, American revolution.
Forum theatre by Augusto Boal (1950s)
- Joker to facilitate the process
- Alot of physical aggression.
- Theatre of the oppressed
- Dialogue becomes monologue. Aim is to become human again by re-establishing the dialogue' Describes us as animals.
- Inclusivity and express their own solutions.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOgv91qQyJc
- Conscientization - complex process of self enlightenment through critical consciousness.
- Theatre as catharsis
- Essence of Self consciousness
- Bertolt Brecht Breaking the 4th wall, Paulo Freire pedagogy of the oppressed, Karl Marx class struggles.
Surrealism (Joyce)
- Andre Breton inspired by Sigmund Freud and his studies of subconscious.
- liberate imagination by using the dream analysis. (Conscious, pre-conscious and unconscious)
- Surprise, hypnosis, unexpected juxtaposition, hallucinations, effects of dreams.
- Defy logic and structure of reality.
- Autonomy and liberation in writing and drawing.
- Experimental theatre with moral, psychological and ideological problems.
2 phenomenon: - Disappearance of custom and using sternographic resources. (Order, Clarity, rational thought)
Rid the audience of civilized thought and free their natural energy.
Go through a catharsis (relieving of emotions)
- Experimented with a stream of consciousness techniques, creating works that defy logic and structure of reality.
Exquisite corpse
- Producing a surprising and absurdphrase.
Existentialism (Lloyd)
- Seen in Shakespearean plays.
- To understand what a human being is through more than scientific knowledge
- Nietzsche, Satre, Camus.
- came about by God, christianity. It can apply to any religion/ philosophies.
- Can transcend it
Post Modernism (Hui Chi)
- Fauvism
- Post modernist found Modernist too pure
- High brow art.
- Merging of different art forms.
- Influx of ideologies during cold war period. Alot of countries developing.
- Hybrid of multiple interpretation of words and hybrid of popular and high culture.
- Relativity to our culture of today.
- Questions alot but not answering anything
Deconstruction (Jacques Derrida)
- The way u deconstruct the scripts
- Readers more authority instead of the director. More active role now.
Death of the Author (Roland Barthes)
- Presence of the author is not there. Power of author is being reduced.
- Authoritative.
' The Comedy of Error'
- Perform key roles and trickery. Modern rejected this impurist.
Orientalism
Constructivism
- Driven by sharing and meaning making by the casts rather than scripted text.
- More full and whole because it involved more people.
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